Flock Cameras in Deer Park

What Deer Park bought, what it costs, and what the record shows

All sources

Every source cited anywhere on this site, in one list, with its type labeled. Nothing on this site makes a factual claim without a numbered citation resolving to an entry here — the site build fails if a citation does not resolve.

How to use this page

Each page on this site carries its own numbered source list at the bottom. This page is the union of all of them, alphabetical by identifier, so that a reader can audit the whole evidentiary base at once or check a single document without hunting through pages.

Every URL here was checked for reachability on July 29, 2026. All 125 were reachable at that time.

What the type labels mean

We label every source by kind, because a city's own bulletin and a self-published analysis are not the same thing and a reader should not have to guess which they are looking at.

Source type labels used throughout this site
LabelWhat it meansHow much weight we put on it
Government record A record produced by a government body: council minutes, ordinances, agency policies, official bulletins, legislative text. Highest. These are the sources we build the local case on.
Court record A judicial opinion or filing. Highest, for what it actually holds. We distinguish holdings from commentators’ predictions.
Vulnerability database The National Vulnerability Database, run by NIST. High. We re-ran the query and matched every record.
Vendor document Published by Flock Safety: contract terms, blog posts, marketing, patents. Authoritative as to what the company said or committed to; not as to whether the claim is true.
Journalism Reporting by a news organization. Relied on for events, and preferred over compilations where we could find the original reporting.
Advocacy Published by an organization with a position, including groups whose position matches ours — EFF, ACLU, the Institute for Justice, and independent analysts. Used where the underlying work is checkable case by case, and labeled so a reader can discount it.
Crowdsourced Volunteer-contributed data, principally OpenStreetMap. Lowest. Treated as a starting point, never as an inventory.

Sources we were unable to read directly

Honesty about gaps is part of the method, so these are stated rather than papered over:

  • The Illinois Secretary of State's audit press release is in this list as the primary source, but we were unable to open it on July 29, 2026, and there is no Internet Archive snapshot of it. The quotations we use come from NBC Chicago's reporting of it.
  • Oak Park, Illinois' ALPR page is no longer publicly readable. We cite an Internet Archive capture of it instead.
  • Flock's blog response to criticism of its terms rewrite. Flock rewrites its legal and blog pages in place, and they are not reliably archived, so we were unable to read the post in full from Flock itself. Rather than paraphrase a document we could not read, we downloaded both versions of the contract and compared them.
  • Deer Park's contract, its expiration date, its retention setting, its audit log, and whether it participates in National Lookup. None of these exist in any public record we could find. They are not gaps in our research so much as the central finding of it. They are records requests.

Two figures in circulation that we do not use

Documented here because volunteering a correction is more persuasive than repeating an inflated number:

  • Community materials commonly cite 22 Flock CVEs. The National Vulnerability Database returns 15. The higher figure appears to come from counting unrelated results — bugs in the Linux kernel's flock() system call, and an unrelated product's authorization bypass — or from conflating CVEs with the 51 individual findings in the underlying researcher's white paper.
  • The same materials often say federal agencies accessed Mountain View's data for 17 months. Mountain View's own bulletin describes August to November 2024, about four months, for one camera.

Both corrections, and one error of our own, are on the corrections page.

The complete list

Government record

  1. Attorney General Bonta Continues Legal Challenge to Stop El Cajon from Illegally Sharing License Plate Data. California Office of the Attorney General. oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-continues-legal-challenge-stop-el-cajon-illegally-sharingRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. Frequently Asked Questions: How much does a Flock Safety camera cost?. City of Campbell, California. www.campbellca.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=279A city's published pricing statement, not an executed contract. States $2,500 per camera per year plus a one-time $250 installation cost, covering hardware, maintenance, footage hosting, cellular service and software updates.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  3. Automated License Plate Readers. City of Dayton, Ohio. www.daytonohio.gov/1087/Automated-License-Plate-ReadersRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  4. Auditor Monthly Fund Reports. City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/government/auditor-monthly-fund-reportsAs of July 29, 2026 the most recent report published is September 2022, so the city's own online financial reporting does not cover the period in which Flock was purchased.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  5. City Council Members (Elected Officials). City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/government/elected-officials/city-council-membersThe page that actually carries the six council members' names, titles, term expirations and email addresses, and the Clerk of Council's name and email. The city's /city-council/ landing page does not list them; an earlier version of this site cited that page for the roster, and we corrected it.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  6. City Council. City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/city-councilThe city's City Council landing page. It carries the meeting time but not the roster; the members, terms, emails and Clerk of Council are on the Elected Officials subpages, which we cite separately.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  7. Mayor (Elected Officials). City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/government/elected-officials/mayorCarries the mayor's name, term expiration and email address.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  8. City Council Minutes (archive index). City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/government/city-council-minutesAll Deer Park minutes cited on this site were downloaded from this index and searched in full.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  9. Police Department. City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/departments/policeChecked July 29, 2026 for any mention of ALPR, plate readers, Flock, or camera policy. None appears.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  10. Public Records Policy (department page). City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/residents/public-records-policyLinks the policy PDF and a request form supplied as a PNG image.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  11. Public Record Request Form. City of Deer Park, Ohio. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/documents/Public%20Record%20Request%20Form.pngThe city's own request form, published as a PNG image rather than a fillable document. It marks name, street address, city, state, ZIP, phone and email as required fields. Ohio law does not permit a public office to require any of that, and the city's own written policy says so at Section 2.2 — so the form and the policy disagree. Using the form is optional.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  12. Ohio Revised Code § 149.43, version effective September 7, 2026. Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules, Legislative Service Commission. codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-149.43/9-7-2026Cited alongside the current version to show that division (A)(1)(yy) — the automated license plate recognition exemption — is in both the September 30, 2025 text and the forthcoming September 7, 2026 text. We compared these against the April 9, 2025 version, which does not contain it.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  13. Ohio Revised Code § 2743.75: Alleged denial of access to public records. Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules, Legislative Service Commission. codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2743.75The $25 Court of Claims route for a denied records request: a special master, mandatory referral to mediation, recovery of the filing fee and costs if you win, and expressly no attorney fees. This is the remedy an ordinary resident would actually use, and it is not the mandamus action Deer Park's policy describes.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  14. City Council Minutes, April 20, 2026. City of Deer Park, Ohio. April 20, 2026. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Council%20Min%20April%2020%2C2026.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  15. Police Department Policy 5.40: Automated License Plate Readers (ALPR). Colerain Township, Hamilton County, Ohio. April 8, 2025. www.colerain.org/DocumentCenter/View/5107Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  16. Giannoulias: Audit finds license plate reader company in violation of state law. Illinois Secretary of State. August 25, 2025. www.ilsos.gov/news/2025/august-25-2025-giannoulias-audit-finds-license-plate-reader-company-in-violation-of-state-law.htmlRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  17. Automated License Plate Readers (page updated August 6, 2025). Village of Oak Park, Illinois. August 6, 2025. web.archive.org/web/20260119000140/https://www.oak-park.us/Public-Safety/Police-Department/Automated-License-Plate-ReadersCited to the Internet Archive capture of January 19, 2026, because the village's live page is no longer publicly readable. This page also reproduces Flock Safety's own assurances to the village verbatim.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  18. Statement on the Flock Safety ALPR contract termination. City of Cambridge, Massachusetts. December 10, 2025. www.cambridgema.gov/news/2025/12/statementontheflocksafetyalprcontractterminationRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  19. Statement on the Flock Safety ALPR Contract Termination. City of Cambridge, Massachusetts. December 10, 2025. www.cambridgema.gov/news/2025/12/statementontheflocksafetyalprcontractterminationThe city's own statement. Sixteen Flock cameras were deactivated and removed in late October 2025; Flock then told the city two more had been installed by its technicians in late November without the city's awareness, which the city attributes to an outstanding work order that should have been canceled.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  20. City Council Minutes, December 16, 2024. City of Deer Park, Ohio. December 16, 2024. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Council%20Min.%20Dec%2016%2C%202024.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  21. City Council Minutes, December 2, 2024. City of Deer Park, Ohio. December 2, 2024. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Council%20Min%20Dec%202%2C%202024.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  22. Public Records Policy of the City of Deer Park, Hamilton County. City of Deer Park, Ohio. Effective November 29, 2007. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/residents/PUBLIC%20RECORDS%20POLICY%201%20OF%20DEER%20PARK.pdfSeven pages, effective date 11/29/2007. Introduction: the Act 'should be interpreted liberally in favor of disclosure.' Section 2.2: a request need not be in writing and the requester need not give a name or reason. Section 2.6: the office limits mailed copies to ten per month absent a written certification of non-commercial use. Section 3.1: first 10 paper pages free, five cents per page thereafter, $1.00 per CD. Section 5 describes the mandamus remedy. Because the policy predates the 2016 creation of the $25 Court of Claims route in R.C. 2743.75 and every subsequent amendment to R.C. 149.43, it should be read as the city's stated posture rather than as a current statement of Ohio law.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  23. Ohio Revised Code § 149.43: Availability of public records for inspection and copying. Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules, Legislative Service Commission. Effective September 30, 2025. codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-149.43Current version effective September 30, 2025, latest legislation House Bill 96 of the 136th General Assembly. Division (A)(1)(yy) excludes from the definition of 'public record' any 'Images and data captured by an automated license plate recognition system that are maintained in a law enforcement database.' We verified this is absent from the April 9, 2025 version and present in both the current text and the version effective September 7, 2026. Divisions (B)(4) and (B)(5) bar a public office from conditioning access on the requester's identity or intended use. Division (C) sets out the mandamus route and its conditions, including the three-business-day cure period and the requirement that a written request be sent by hand delivery, electronic submission, or certified mail before statutory damages are available.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  24. City Council Minutes, February 3, 2025. City of Deer Park, Ohio. February 3, 2025. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/City%20council%20Minutes%20Feb%203%2C%202025.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  25. House Bill 725, 136th General Assembly: Restrict commercial use of license plate recognition data. Ohio General Assembly. Introduced March 2026. www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/hb725Referred to the House Public Safety Committee; not reported out as of July 29, 2026. Restricts commercial use; does not govern law-enforcement use.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  26. Ordinance O-457-25: Authorizing the settlement of claims brought in Brandon Upchurch v. City of Toledo, et al.. Toledo City Council. Introduced September 17, 2025; passed October 7, 2025. toledo.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=7683298&GUID=A50B871F-4FE3-4168-A8F8-D048B7FB67C9Authorizes $35,000 from the city's Risk Management Fund. The underlying suit is Upchurch v. City of Toledo, No. 3:25-cv-711 (N.D. Ohio).Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  27. City Council Minutes, January 20, 2025. City of Deer Park, Ohio. January 20, 2025. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Council%20Minutes%20-%20January%2020%2C%202025.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  28. Update on Automated License Plate Reader Program. City of Mountain View, California. January 30, 2026. content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CAMOUNTAINVIEW/bulletins/406f640The city's own bulletin, distributed through its subscriber notification service. We link this copy because the identical page on mountainview.gov is not publicly readable without a browser session.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  29. Council Meeting Highlights, July 15, 2026. Cleveland City Council. July 15, 2026. www.clevelandcitycouncil.gov/council-meeting-highlights-7-15-2026Council's own summary of the Flock vote.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  30. Amendment to Ordinance No. 683-2026 (as amended, desk copy). Department of Law, City of Cleveland. July 15, 2026. cityofcleveland.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=15693899&GUID=7AC8CF89-050A-435D-88A7-7C46EF9C7726Two-page amendment signed by Assistant Director of Law Vishnu Ganglani. Cuts the term from one year to six months and the amount from $250,000 to $125,000; adds warrant-only disclosure, a penalty of up to 25 percent of the contract for privacy violations, a public transparency portal, quarterly written reports to the Clerk and Safety Committee, and a bar on sharing data with the Northeast Ohio Regional Fusion Center.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  31. CPOC Recommendation for Flock ALPR Oversight & Investigative Search Reporting. Citizen Police Oversight Committee, Village of Oak Park, Illinois. March 12, 2025. oak-park.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=7398514&GUID=14AA7E20-50B7-4635-90C7-8797D84B43CFFour-page framework attached to File MOT 25-162. Recommends monthly network-sharing, hotlist-sharing, network-audit and organization-audit reports.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  32. House Bill 725, 136th General Assembly, as introduced. Ohio Legislative Service Commission. March 3, 2026. search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/hb725/00_IN/pdfTwo-page bill text. The Legislature's site notes that online versions of legislation are not official.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  33. City Council Minutes, March 4, 2024. City of Deer Park, Ohio. March 4, 2024. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Council%20Minutes%20March%204%2C%202024.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  34. House Bill 725 status, 136th General Assembly. Ohio General Assembly. March 4, 2026. www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/hb725/statusIntroduced March 3, 2026; referred to the House Public Safety Committee March 4, 2026. No hearings listed as of retrieval.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  35. Citizen Police Oversight Committee Semi-Annual Report, July 2024 through December 2024 (File MOT 25-162). Village of Oak Park, Illinois. May 20, 2025. oak-park.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=7398514&GUID=14AA7E20-50B7-4635-90C7-8797D84B43CFReceived by the Village Board on May 20, 2025. The report PDF is an attachment on this Legistar record. The committee's 'no evidence whatsoever' finding rests on the police department declining to supply investigative-outcome data, and the same report credits the period's two Flock-prompted stops with four arrests and two firearms recovered.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  36. City Council Minutes, November 18, 2024. City of Deer Park, Ohio. November 18, 2024. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Council%20Minutes%20November%2018t%202024.docRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  37. Letter to the Federal Trade Commission on Flock Safety's data security practices. U.S. Senator Ron Wyden and U.S. Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi. November 3, 2025. www.wyden.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/wyden_letter_to_ftc_on_flockpdf.pdfRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  38. Wyden, Krishnamoorthi Urge FTC to Investigate Surveillance Tech Company on Negligently Handling Americans' Personal Data. Office of U.S. Senator Ron Wyden. November 3, 2025. www.wyden.senate.gov/news/press-releases/wyden-krishnamoorthi-urge-ftc-to-investigate-surveillance-tech-company-on-negligently-handling-americans-personal-dataRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  39. City Council Minutes, November 4, 2024. City of Deer Park, Ohio. November 4, 2024. www.deerpark-oh.gov/media/user/council-meeting-minutes/Nov%204th%20City%20Council%20Min.pdfThe city posts this document as a scanned image rather than as searchable text, so the quotations are transcribed from the page and checked word by word against the scan.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  40. Letter to Flock Group, Inc. CEO Garrett Langley. U.S. Senator Ron Wyden. October 16, 2025. www.wyden.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/wyden_letter_to_flock.pdfQuoted directly from the Senator's published PDF. Reports that 75% of Flock's law enforcement customers had enrolled in the National Lookup Tool, and that in an EFF dataset of 11.4 million nationwide searches over six months, more than 14% of search reasons were the single word 'investigation' with no case number.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  41. Attorney General Bonta Sues El Cajon for Illegally Sharing License Plate Data Out of State. California Office of the Attorney General. October 3, 2025. oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-sues-el-cajon-illegally-sharing-license-plate-data-outRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  42. Emergency Ordinance 683-2026, authorizing contracts with Flock Group, Inc. dba Flock Safety (legislative record). Cleveland City Council. Passed July 15, 2026. cityofcleveland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=8042536&GUID=CD0D9B9B-D0B4-4139-92F6-E3B55862EABAFile created May 28, 2026; passed July 15, 2026; effective August 15, 2026. Sponsored by the Mayor's Administration and Justin M. Bibb. The as-amended text and the amendment itself are attachments on this record.Retrieved July 29, 2026.

Court record

  1. Chatrie v. United States, No. 25-112, 609 U.S. ___ (2026) (slip opinion). Supreme Court of the United States. Decided June 29, 2026. www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/25-112_0am4.pdfThe opinion concerns a geofence warrant for Google Location History data. It does not mention license plate readers or automated license plate recognition anywhere.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. Carpenter v. United States, 585 U.S. 296 (2018). Supreme Court of the United States, via Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. June 22, 2018. www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/16-402Retrieved July 29, 2026.

Federal vuln. database

  1. CVE-2025-47822. National Vulnerability Database. Published June 27, 2025. nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47822Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. CVE-2025-59403. National Vulnerability Database. Published October 2, 2025. nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59403Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  3. CVE-2025-59407. National Vulnerability Database. Published October 2, 2025. nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59407Retrieved July 29, 2026.

Flock Safety

  1. Audio Detection & Gunshot Detection. Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/products/gunshot-detectionAs retrieved, this page lists gunshot, sideshow, crash and fireworks detection, states the system is not always recording, and does not mention the withdrawn human-distress feature or the former Raven brand.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. Flock Evidence Policy. Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/legal/flock-evidence-policyRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  3. Flock FreeForm (product page). Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/products/flock-freeformRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  4. Flock for Parks & Rec — Parks & Public Spaces. Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/industries/parks-public-spacesFlock's own marketing page for parks agencies. Flock revises its product pages in place and they are not reliably archived, so quotations are dated to the day we retrieved them.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  5. Privacy and Ethics. Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/privacy-ethicsFlock's standing customer-facing privacy page, quoted for the assurances a council hears from the vendor. It carries no date and Flock revises it in place, so the date we retrieved it is the only fixed reference point.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  6. Terms and Conditions. Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/legal/terms-and-conditionsRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  7. Video Cameras. Flock Safety. www.flocksafety.com/products/video-camerasFlock's own product page. Revised in place and not reliably archived, so quotations are dated to the day we retrieved them.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  8. Flock Safety Information (neighborhood and HOA pricing sheet). Flock Safety, hosted by the City of La Porte, Texas. www.laportetx.gov/DocumentCenter/View/11185/Flock-Safety-InformationFlock Safety's own marketing sheet aimed at neighborhoods and HOAs, hosted on a city website. Not a municipal contract. States subscriptions are $2,500 per camera per year with a one-time installation fee of $150 to $650 per camera.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  9. ELSAG SignalTrace Intelligence System. Leonardo US Cyber and Security Solutions. www.leonardocompany-us.com/lpr/elsag-signaltraceLeonardo is a different company from Flock Safety. SignalTrace is Leonardo's product; nothing in this material involves Flock.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  10. Flock Safety Customer Terms and Conditions, December 2025 version. Flock Safety (mirrored by haveibeenflocked.com). December 20, 2025. haveibeenflocked.com/blog/trojan-contracts/dec-2025-terms.pdfThe immediately preceding version of Flock's terms, mirrored. We downloaded and read this PDF directly on July 29, 2026 and confirmed the presence of the clauses that the February 2026 version omits, including section 4.1's sentence 'Flock does not own and shall not sell Customer Data' and all of section 4.3, Training Data.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  11. A Practical LPR and Video Strategy For Small Patrol Teams. Flock Safety. February 12, 2026. www.flocksafety.com/blog/a-practical-lpr-and-video-strategy-for-small-patrol-teamsFlock's marketing written for departments the size of Deer Park's. Quoted for the sentence pairing every plate read with a video clip. Read the whole page rather than the one line: it is a sales case for adding a separate video camera alongside the plate readers, which is the upsell a small city should expect at renewal.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  12. Flock Safety Customer Terms and Conditions, last updated February 16, 2026. Flock Safety (mirrored by haveibeenflocked.com). February 16, 2026. haveibeenflocked.com/blog/terms-feb2026/feb-2026-terms.pdfFlock's own contract text. Cited from a mirror because Flock's live terms page is rewritten in place each time the terms change and is not reliably archived; we downloaded and read this PDF directly on July 29, 2026 rather than relying on any third party's summary of it. Every quotation on this site from the February terms was verified against this file.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  13. US Patent 11,416,545 B1: System and method for object based query of video content captured by a dynamic surveillance network. Flock Group Inc. (assignee); inventors Garrett Langley and Matt Feury. Granted August 16, 2022. patents.google.com/patent/US11416545B1/enFiled October 4, 2020, priority date May 1, 2018. The description proposes neural networks to 'identify different classes of people (male, female, race, etc.)', to identify clothing types and to gauge height and weight. We checked all 20 granted claims: none of the words male, female, race, gender, height, weight or clothing appears in the claims themselves. A patent shows what a company sought to protect, not what any camera in Deer Park does.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  14. Setting the Record Straight: Statement on Flock Network Sharing, Use Cases, and Federal Cooperation. Flock Safety. June 19, 2025. www.flocksafety.com/blog/statement-network-sharing-use-cases-federal-cooperationSigned by Flock's CEO. This is the statement we set against Sen. Wyden's October 2025 letter and the Illinois audit. Quoted from the live page on July 29, 2026. Flock revises its blog and legal pages in place and they are not reliably archived, so if the wording there has since changed, this note and the retrieval date are the record of what it said that day.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  15. Flock Safety License Plate Reader Usage and Privacy Policy, last updated June 30, 2026. Flock Safety. June 30, 2026. www.flocksafety.com/legal/lpr-policyFlock's governing policy document for the plate readers, and the place the company enumerates exactly what its plate-reader data consists of. Video is not among the listed items. Flock rewrites this page in place, so what it said on the retrieval date is what we quote.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  16. Response to compiled security research on Flock Safety devices. Flock Safety. November 6, 2025. www.flocksafety.com/blog/response-to-compiled-security-research-on-flock-safety-devicesRetrieved July 29, 2026.

News reporting

  1. When license plate readers get it wrong. CBS News. www.cbsnews.com/news/license-plate-readers-alpr-mistakesNational reporting on ALPR misreads, including the Espanola case.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. How Benn Jordan Discovered Flock's Cameras Were Left Streaming to the Internet. 404 Media. 2026. www.404media.co/how-benn-jordan-discovered-flocks-cameras-were-left-streaming-to-the-internetConcerns Flock's Condor pan-tilt-zoom cameras, which are a different product from the Falcon plate readers.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  3. Experts issue warning as concerning surveillance camera trend comes to a head. The Cool Down. 2026. www.thecooldown.com/green-business/brandon-upchurch-toledo-traffic-stop-settlementSummarizes a Business Insider review of Toledo police records and WTOL's reporting of the settlement figure.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  4. Dunwoody City Council approves controversial Flock contract. Dyana Bagby, Appen Media. April 14, 2026. www.appenmedia.com/dunwoody/dunwoody-city-council-approves-controversial-flock-contract/article_73756da6-9b5f-467a-a18a-809b7897a9a4.htmlThe most specific account of the mechanism: the community center's own private cameras were linked to the police department's Flock network through Flock's Camera Connect service.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  5. Dunwoody renews Flock Safety contract despite security and privacy concerns. Kristal Dixon, Axios Atlanta. April 17, 2026. www.axios.com/local/atlanta/2026/04/17/dunwoody-flock-license-plate-reader-agreementRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  6. ‘Are we being watched?’ Dunwoody approves controversial Flock contract. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. April 2026. www.ajc.com/news/2026/04/are-we-being-watched-dunwoody-approves-controversial-flock-contractRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  7. Central Ohio police departments have spent nearly $2 million on Flock license plate cameras. Katie Geniusz, WOSU Public Media. April 28, 2026. www.wosu.org/politics-government/2026-04-28/central-ohio-police-departments-have-spent-nearly-2-million-on-flock-camerasBased on public records requests to central Ohio police departments. WOSU notes its tally is likely an undercount because several departments did not respond and private businesses also contract with Flock.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  8. Company violated Illinois law by sharing license plate data with Customs and Border Protection, Giannoulias says. NBC 5 Chicago. August 25, 2025. www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/company-violated-illinois-law-by-sharing-license-plate-data-with-customs-and-border-protection-giannoulias/3814914Reports a sample audit of 12 Illinois law enforcement agencies and a CBP pilot program. We tried to cite the Illinois Secretary of State's own press release instead and could not open it, on July 29, 2026; it is not in the Internet Archive either, so we quote this reporting of it.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  9. Why some cities are canceling Flock license plate reader contracts. NPR. February 17, 2026. www.npr.org/2026/02/17/nx-s1-5612825/flock-contracts-canceled-immigration-survillance-concernsRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  10. Mountain View terminates license plate camera contract. San José Spotlight. February 2026. sanjosespotlight.com/mountain-view-terminates-license-plate-camera-contractRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  11. City Council terminates Mountain View's license plate camera contract. Mountain View Voice. February 25, 2026. www.mv-voice.com/city-government/2026/02/25/city-council-terminates-mountain-views-license-plate-camera-contractLocal reporting on the termination vote. The city's own news release covers the same vote but is not publicly readable outside a browser session, so we cite the newspaper.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  12. Class action lawsuit alleges Flock license plate readers violate CA law and privacy of residents. Ann Rubin, KTVU FOX 2. February 27, 2026. www.ktvu.com/news/class-action-lawsuit-alleges-flock-license-plate-readers-violate-ca-law-privacy-residentsReports a proposed class action filed against Flock Safety by the Oakland firm Gibbs Mura, alleging Flock shares California motorists' data with out-of-state and federal agencies contrary to California law. The article does not give the case name, court, or docket number. Includes Flock's response that it 'takes privacy, legal compliance, and data security extremely seriously' and 'intends to vigorously defend itself against the asserted claims and allegations.' Also reports El Cerrito's police chief describing two federal-sharing incidents that surprised him. No settlement or payout is reported.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  13. Sisters sue Espanola over traffic stop they say was illegal. The Santa Fe New Mexican. January 2024. www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/sisters-sue-espa-ola-over-traffic-stop-they-say-was-illegal/article_1c949c30-ae3e-11ee-ad85-f71a8c9ecb1e.htmlReports that a camera flagged Jaclynn Gonzales' vehicle in error and that she and her 12-year-old sister were detained. No settlement amount has been reported in this case.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  14. Privacy, Fourth Amendment concerns heat up as Flock cameras spread through Tri-State. FOX19 NOW (WXIX), Cincinnati. July 10, 2026. www.fox19.com/2026/07/10/privacy-fourth-amendment-concerns-heat-up-flock-cameras-spread-through-tri-stateRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  15. LAPD ending agreement with surveillance company Flock Safety amid privacy concerns. ABC7 Los Angeles (KABC). July 11, 2026. abc7.com/post/lapd-ending-agreement-surveillance-company-flock-safety/19483200Original local reporting, and the source of the LAPD chief information officer's quotations. Notes that LAPD does not own the cameras — many belong to homeowners' associations and other organizations that gave the department access.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  16. Ginther orders Columbus police to stop statewide sharing of Flock cameras after audit release. Katie Geniusz, WOSU 89.7 NPR News. July 11, 2026. www.wosu.org/politics-government/2026-07-11/ginther-orders-columbus-police-to-stop-statewide-sharing-of-flock-cameras-after-audit-releaseThe audit was requested by Columbus City Council member Emmanuel Remy, not conducted as a routine review.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  17. LAPD lets contract with surveillance giant Flock expire, citing serious concerns over civil liberties and privacy. TechCrunch. July 13, 2026. techcrunch.com/2026/07/13/lapd-lets-contract-with-surveillance-giant-flock-expire-citing-serious-concerns-over-civil-liberties-and-privacyCited for Flock's response to the LAPD decision, which the company gave to this outlet: that the expiry came as a surprise and that Flock believed it could clear up the misconceptions behind it, while declining to say which.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  18. Flock's Surveillance Cameras Face Another Blow as LAPD Won't Renew the Contract. Military.com. July 14, 2026. www.military.com/flock-surveillance-cameras-face-another-blow-lapd-wont-renew-contractA national round-up of the LAPD non-renewal alongside cancellations elsewhere. We cite it for its own framing and for quotations it collected from Flock executives; the LAPD facts themselves we take from the original local reporting.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  19. Cleveland city council votes to continue Flock Safety camera contract. Cleveland 19 News (WOIO). July 15, 2026. www.cleveland19.com/2026/07/15/cleveland-city-council-vote-flock-camera-contract-extensionRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  20. Cleveland extends Flock contract for 6 months, but seeks transition to new provider. Matthew Richmond, Ideastream Public Media. July 15, 2026. www.ideastream.org/law-justice/2026-07-15/cleveland-extends-flock-contract-for-6-months-but-seeks-transition-to-new-providerRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  21. Columbus police says it will stop using Flock technology if asked, but would solve fewer crimes. George Shillcock, WOSU 89.7 NPR News. July 15, 2026. www.wosu.org/politics-government/2026-07-15/columbus-police-says-it-will-stop-using-flock-technology-if-asked-but-would-solve-fewer-crimesRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  22. Case-by-Case: Every Reported Flock License Plate Camera Error to Date. Shawn Henry, The Auto Wire. July 18, 2026. theautowire.com/2026/07/18/case-by-case-every-reported-flock-license-plate-camera-error-to-dateA compilation, not original research; it credits reporting by The Drive and the Institute for Justice and states the list is "very likely incomplete." Individual cases cited on this site are footnoted to their own primary sources wherever one was available.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  23. Takeaways from Cleveland's Flock license plate camera debate. Signal Cleveland. July 2026. signalcleveland.org/cleveland-flock-license-plate-readers-surveillance-debate-takeawaysRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  24. Marion residents push back against surveillance tech. Abby Bammerlin, Marion Star (USA TODAY Network), republished by Blue Water Healthy Living. July 22, 2026. bluewaterhealthyliving.com/news/national-news/ohio/marion-residents-push-back-against-surveillance-techCited through Blue Water Healthy Living's republication because the Marion Star's own copy is not publicly readable (checked July 29, 2026). Reports that Marion City Council's legislation, codes and regulations committee heard more than 90 minutes of public comment on an ordinance banning Flock and similar technology inside city limits, took no action, and continued the matter to August 3, 2026. The Flock contract belongs to the Marion County Sheriff's Office, which received a grant extending it a year; Marion police have access to the data. If this link does not open, try it again — the site was intermittently unavailable when we checked it, then came back a few minutes later. There is no other public copy: the Internet Archive holds no snapshot.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  25. Flock's CEO Says its ALPRs Don't Do Video After Repeatedly Announcing They Can. 404 Media. July 23, 2026. www.404media.co/flocks-ceo-says-its-alprs-dont-do-video-after-repeatedly-announcing-they-canThe reporting that set Flock's own video announcements against its chief executive's description of the cameras, and that obtained Flock's account of the live-video pilot. Every quotation we take from it we also checked against the original source it quotes: Flock's own blog post, the ABC7 interview, and the Forbes interview. The one item we could not check independently is the text-message exchange, which the reporter obtained by public records request and which we therefore attribute to the reporting rather than to a document we have read.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  26. Flock Safety CEO speaks out after LAPD suspends use of company's surveillance cameras. ABC7 Los Angeles (KABC). July 23, 2026. abc7.com/post/flock-safety-ceo-speaks-lapd-suspends-use-companys-surveillance-cameras/19558358The interview in which Flock's chief executive describes the technology as taking a static picture of a car. This is a different ABC7 story from the one reporting the LAPD non-renewal itself; both are cited on this site and they are not interchangeable.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  27. Cleveland reverses course on Flock camera shutdown, approves extension. Cleveland 19 News (WOIO). July 8, 2026. www.cleveland19.com/2026/07/08/cleveland-reverses-course-flock-camera-shutdown-approves-extensionRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  28. Are Flock cameras next? Supreme Court rules against police using sprawling cell phone location data. Ohio Capital Journal. July 8, 2026. ohiocapitaljournal.com/2026/07/08/are-flock-cameras-next-supreme-court-rules-against-police-using-sprawling-cell-phone-location-dataRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  29. Woman wrongly jailed in I-4 deadly crash files lawsuit against Florida Highway Patrol. Haley Coomes, WKMG-TV / ClickOrlando. June 10, 2026. www.clickorlando.com/traffic/2026/06/10/woman-wrongly-jailed-in-i-4-deadly-crash-files-lawsuit-against-florida-highway-patrolReports that Lindsay Isaacs, 23, was arrested April 16, 2026 by the Florida Highway Patrol over an October 2025 wrong-way crash in Volusia County that killed three, after her vehicle appeared on nearby Flock cameras around the time of the crash and witnesses described the SUV as black. Charges were dropped less than two months later when FHP's reconstruction team concluded a maroon Durango could be mistaken for her black one on an unlit stretch. Alisa Lee Montalvo, 47, was later charged. Isaacs filed a federal civil rights suit naming two FHP sergeants; the article does not name the court.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  30. These License Plate Cameras Can Track Your Car By Your AirPods And Even Your Dog. Carscoops. June 18, 2026. www.carscoops.com/2026/06/signaltrace-plate-reader-trackingSecondary reporting on the 404 Media story about Leonardo's SignalTrace. We cite it only for the device categories it attributes to Leonardo's product materials, including pet microchips, which do not appear on Leonardo's own web page. It says those materials "suggest" the capability, and we carry that hedge. Flock Safety is not the subject of this article.
  31. Court rules that law enforcement's use of "geofence warrant" was a search. SCOTUSblog. June 2026. www.scotusblog.com/2026/06/court-rules-that-law-enforcements-use-of-geofence-warrant-was-a-searchRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  32. Records show agencies nationwide accessed Dayton Flock camera data before shutdown. Dayton 24/7 Now (WKEF/WRGT). June 26, 2026. dayton247now.com/news/local/records-show-agencies-nationwide-accessed-dayton-flock-camera-data-before-shutdownReporting on the released search logs, describing thousands of searches by federal Border Patrol and hundreds by a sheriff's office in Georgia.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  33. Cleveland's Flock Safety camera contract set to expire Monday. Will they turn back?. Cleveland 19 News (WOIO). June 28, 2026. www.cleveland19.com/2026/06/29/clevelands-flock-safety-camera-contract-set-expire-monday-will-they-turn-backSource of the 3-1 safety committee vote against recommending renewal, and of Councilman Michael Polensek's statement that police 'could only show us three cases that led to convictions.' Also carries the city administration's warning that losing regional coverage could hinder the police division.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  34. Why are Ohio city workers covering Flock cameras with trash bags?. Fortune. June 3, 2026. fortune.com/2026/06/03/why-are-ohio-city-workers-covering-flock-cameras-immigration-enforcement-data-sharing-policy-violationsNational reporting on the bagging of all 72 of Dayton's fixed-site readers. Also the source of Dayton's spending figures — $825,750 approved for 35 cameras in 2024, a $90,000 grant for 27 more in 2026, and $30,000 set aside to audit the data logs — and of Flock's statement in response.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  35. Flock's AI Cameras Are Watching Cars All Over America. They're About To Get A Lot More Powerful.. Forbes. June 4, 2025, updated April 14, 2026. www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2025/06/04/flocks-ai-cameras-are-watching-cars-all-over-america-theyre-about-to-get-a-lot-more-powerfulThe interview in which Flock's chief executive described police pulling up live feeds from the nearest cameras, and in which Flock discussed the cost of storing the video. Forbes carries a June 2025 publication date and an April 2026 update stamp, so treat the wording as current to the later date.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  36. This Company Will Add Phone, AirPod, and Smartwatch Trackers to License Plate Readers. Joseph Cox, 404 Media. June 8, 2026. www.404media.co/this-company-will-add-phone-airpod-and-smartwatch-trackers-to-license-plate-readersPaywalled beyond the opening paragraphs. The underlying Leonardo product sheet it reports on is posted to DocumentCloud, and we read that document directly. Flock Safety is not named in the article.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  37. Loose plate holder leads to errant traffic stop over Flock camera alert. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. March 2, 2026. www.arkansasonline.com/news/2026/mar/02/loose-plate-holder-leads-to-errant-traffic-stopLocal daily reporting with the incident report and department response. Stop occurred February 11, 2026 in Sherwood, Arkansas. The paper attributes the error partly to a loose plate holder, and reports the officer was assigned additional training. No lawsuit has been reported.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  38. Dunwoody Flock Safety contract delayed a second time. Matt Scott, Atlanta Community Press Collective. March 26, 2026. atlpresscollective.com/2026/03/26/dunwoody-flock-safety-contract-march-updateRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  39. 'Disappointing:' City of Dayton suspends Flock camera program amid data sharing investigation. WHIO-TV (Dayton). May 1, 2026. www.whio.com/news/local/disappointing-city-dayton-suspends-flock-camera-program-amid-data-sharing-investigation/5CY55BUXF5C7FLVCDXTXRZ4WG4The primary reporting on Dayton's suspension. Source of Chief Kamran Afzal's figure of roughly 7,100 immigration-related search requests, of the April 7, 2026 shutoff date, and of City Manager Shelley Dickstein's 'egregious violations of policy' quotation.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  40. Berkeley — the first U.S. sanctuary city — reconsiders surveillance expansion with Flock. The San Francisco Standard. May 11, 2026. sfstandard.com/2026/05/11/flock-safety-berkeley-sanctuary-city-contractSource of the running national count of terminated Flock contracts that other outlets cite. The article states in its text that 80-plus jurisdictions in 28 states have terminated since 2025; the accompanying graphic tallies 82, of which 39 came between January and May 2026. We quote the sentence rather than the graphic, and we treat the count as a news organization's tally rather than an official register.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  41. Cities Are Covering Flock Cameras With Trash Bags. 404 Media. May 28, 2026. www.404media.co/cities-are-covering-flock-cameras-with-trash-bagsSource of Deputy City Manager Joe Parlette's quotation to the Dayton commission and of the reason the bags went up: the city was not certain the cameras had stopped operating and was not clear whether its contract let it remove them. Also reports that Evanston, Illinois did the same thing in late 2025 while waiting for Flock to collect its hardware.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  42. Brickbat: Color Blind. Charles Oliver, Reason. May 28, 2026. reason.com/2026/05/28/brickbat-color-blind-2Second, independent account of the same case. Reports that Isaacs' attorney used time-distance analysis to establish she could not have been at the scene.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  43. Dayton mayor, commissioner say Flock data violation isn't 'isolated failure'. WYSO (NPR, Yellow Springs). May 3, 2026. www.wyso.org/news/2026-05-03/dayton-mayor-commissioner-say-flock-data-violation-isnt-isolated-failurePublic radio reporting on how Dayton's elected officials characterized the failure. Carries the 7,100 figure independently and states that the department did not enact the city's own restrictions on data sharing.Retrieved July 29, 2026.

Advocacy org.

  1. Norfolk, Virginia camera surveillance (Schmidt v. City of Norfolk case page). Institute for Justice. ij.org/case/norfolk-virginia-camera-surveillanceFiled October 21, 2024 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. District court decision January 26, 2026; appellate opening brief filed April 12, 2026.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. Ohio ALPR Transparency Project. Ohio ALPR Transparency Project. ohioalprtransparency.orgRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  3. Plate Privacy Project. Institute for Justice. plateprivacy.comRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  4. Flock can share your data even when your city opts out. American Civil Liberties Union. 2025. www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/flock-massachusetts-and-updatesRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  5. Anti-crime ecosystem research (security research report). Jon Gaines (GainSec). 2025. github.com/GainSec/anti-crime-ecosystem-researchIndependent security research. Its 51 findings are the author's own count and are a different measure from the 15 CVEs formally assigned in the National Vulnerability Database.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  6. Police Have Reportedly Used License Plate Readers to Stalk Romantic Interests at Least 14 Times in Recent Years. Institute for Justice; by Christopher Ingraham. April 27, 2026, updated July 25, 2026. ij.org/police-have-reportedly-used-license-plate-readers-to-stalk-romantic-interests-at-least-14-times-in-recent-yearsThe headline says 14; the article and its case list were updated to at least 28 incidents, and we cite the updated figure. Compiled from press reports and public records by a law firm that also litigates against ALPR programs. States the count is 'almost certainly an undercount' and that only a few cases were first found by internal investigation.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  7. Compare Results: 2025.12.20 Terms and Conditions versus 2026.02.16 Terms and Conditions. Machine-generated document comparison, published by H.C. van Pelt, footnote4a.org / haveibeenflocked.com. February 16, 2026. haveibeenflocked.com/blog/terms-feb2026/comparison-dec-feb.pdfA software-generated redline whose summary page reports 147 total changes: 96 replacements, 21 insertions, 30 deletions, with the document growing from 12 to 15 pages. The accompanying commentary is self-published by a named analyst who states they are not an attorney, and we do not rely on it: we independently downloaded both the December 2025 and February 2026 terms and confirmed the specific clause changes cited on this site against the underlying documents.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  8. Dozens of Innocent Motorists Have Been Pulled Over, Detained at Gunpoint, or Jailed Due to AI License Plate Camera Errors. Institute for Justice; by Christopher Ingraham. July 1, 2026, updated July 20, 2026. ij.org/dozens-of-innocent-motorists-have-been-pulled-over-detained-at-gunpoint-or-jailed-due-to-ai-license-plate-camera-errorsA review of press coverage and court filings by a public-interest law firm that also litigates against ALPR programs, so it is an interested party. Finds at least 27 cases since 2018, most since 2023; guns drawn in nearly two-thirds; machine misreads about one-third of the mistakes, the rest officer data-entry or misreading. States the count is 'most likely an undercount.' Names Oak Park, Illinois as the only jurisdiction it found issuing routine error reports.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  9. Victory! Flock Ends Rollout of Audio “Distress Detection” of Human Voices. Matthew Guariglia, Electronic Frontier Foundation. July 17, 2026. www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/07/victory-flock-ends-rollout-audio-distress-detection-human-voicesRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  10. Victory! Supreme Court Says Constitution Protects People's Location Data. Electronic Frontier Foundation. June 2026. www.eff.org/deeplinks/2026/06/victory-supreme-court-says-constitution-protects-peoples-location-dataRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  11. The Human Toll of ALPR Errors. Electronic Frontier Foundation. November 2024. www.eff.org/deeplinks/2024/11/human-toll-alpr-errorsDescribes the Espanola, New Mexico stop, in which a plate's '2' was read as a '7'.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  12. Flock's gunshot detection microphones will start listening for human voices. Electronic Frontier Foundation. October 2, 2025. www.eff.org/deeplinks/2025/10/flocks-gunshot-detection-microphones-will-start-listening-human-voicesRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  13. Surveillance Supporters Tout Police Audit Logs But They're Not an Effective Check and Balance. Jay Stanley, American Civil Liberties Union. October 31, 2025. www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/tracking-alpr-cameras/police-audit-logsRetrieved July 29, 2026.
  14. Deer Park Police Department — Automated License Plate Readers (OH0310700ALPR). Atlas of Surveillance, Electronic Frontier Foundation and University of Nevada, Reno. September 2025. atlasofsurveillance.org/a/OH0310700ALPRDerived from a Flock Safety shared-devices list obtained by public records request from another agency.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  15. Morristown Police Department: Automated License Plate Readers. Atlas of Surveillance (Electronic Frontier Foundation / University of Nevada, Reno). September 2025. atlasofsurveillance.org/a/TN0320100ALPRConfirms Morristown, Tennessee operates 10 Flock Safety ALPRs as of September 2025. Does not document the traffic stop.Retrieved July 29, 2026.

Crowdsourced data

  1. DeFlock ALPR camera map. DeFlock. deflock.meVolunteer-maintained crowdsourced map built on OpenStreetMap data.Retrieved July 29, 2026.
  2. OpenStreetMap surveillance-node data for the Deer Park area (Overpass API query). OpenStreetMap contributors. Queried July 29, 2026. www.openstreetmap.orgVolunteer-contributed. Positions are approximate, coverage is incomplete, and operator tags are not verified against city records.Retrieved July 29, 2026.